Distributing Audio/Video Over Cat5 Cable
Today’s audio video industry has created demand for audio signals and high resolution video images to be sent over increasingly long distances of cable.
Applications include:
- Airports, with arrival/departure information presented on an array of video displays
- Specialty retail stores with video monitors displaying assorted specials
- Local taverns with rows of television monitors showing live sporting events
- Home theater rooms with equipment installed in locations remote from the projector
- Lecture halls with ceiling projectors receiving information from the laptop at the podium
The challenge with these environments is the size and cost of the video cabling, especially when long lengths are involved. Additionally, as technology changes and improves, cabling requirements change, causing costly cable replacement and installation labor.
A solution has been developed to tackle this problem. By placing “balun” adapters at each end, signals can be adapted to be effectively and efficiently sent over long distances of Cat5 cable. For example, rather than installing three 75Ω coaxial cables to send Y/Pb/Pr (component video) signal, simply install a single run of Cat5 cable, and place a Component Video Balun at each end. While the cost of the baluns must be considered, this is usually outweighed by the savings of Cat5 cable. Additionally, Cat5 is much smaller and easier to run, and often already in place. And, if requirements change in the future, only the baluns must be replaced, not the cable.
Defining a “Balun”:
The term balun is a combination of the terms “balanced” and “unbalanced”. A balun is a device that is used to convert a signal from unbalanced to balanced or vice versa.
Unbalanced signals are typically sent over a coaxial cable, with the signal traveling over the center conductor, and the ground reference in the shield. This is common of RCA type audio cables, 75Ω television coaxial cable, component and composite video cable as well as countless others.
Balanced signals have two conductors, each with identical signals. The key is these signals are mirror images of each other. Any noise or interference that is introduced into balanced cable becomes out of phase at the receiving end, thus is canceled out. Regardless of the level of interference induced over the length of the cable, the net interference level is zero. Because of this, balanced transmission cable often does not require a shield.
The primary job of an audio or video balun is to convert an “unbalanced” signal to the proper “balanced” configuration to send over balanced cable. At the receiving end, a second balun is used to convert that “balanced” signal back to its original “unbalanced” configuration to remain compatible with connected equipment. The baluns second job is to correct the signal impedance. Video signals are typically 75Ω, audio signals 600Ω, while Cat5 cable pairs are 100Ω.
For years, the most common example of balun use in the A/V industry was television antennas. Typical antennas were designed to deliver signals over 300Ω balanced flat “twin–lead” cable. As 75Ω coaxial cable became increasingly popular, 75Ω/300Ω baluns became common.
There are many types of baluns used in electronics today, transformers being the most common in A/V applications. Transformers are ideal because they are efficient, compact and inexpensive and require no power source.
MuxLab Inc.
There are several manufacturers of baluns in the industry today, with MuxLab being a key player. For years, MuxLab has been on the leading edge of technology in the field of A/V signal transmission over twisted pair cable. As a stocking distributor for MuxLab, MCM offers their entire product range of MuxLab VideoEase® baluns for sending composite, component, S-Video and VGA over Cat5 at distances of up to 2,200’. Additionally, MuxLab has developed audio baluns for both consumer and professional audio applications, with Cat5 distances up to 5000’. Among MuxLabs unique products is their Model 500302 CATV balun, which will support broadband RF, CATV, UHF, VHF and FM over a single Cat5 pair.
MCM Custom Audio
MCM Electronics has identified the need for a low cost A/V Cat5 Baluns line to suite the growing demands in the commercial and residential A/V installation industry. While brands including MuxLab remain critical to this market in long distance applications, many situations exist where cost is critical and range requirements are 300’ ~ 1,000’. MCM launched its initial line of MCM Custom Audio A/V Baluns in the second quarter of 2005, with great success. With “retail”, and contractor “dealer” prices substantially below competition, installation professionals are now empowered to incorporate Cat5 benefits at much lower cost.
In the second wave of this product launch, MCM developed its unique line of Keystone Mount A/V Baluns, thus adding even more flexibility to the balun concept. Because baluns accept unterminated Cat5 cable, and each is sold as an individual component, installers can configure Keystone wall plates with exactly the connections needed for a specific application.
MCM Continues to expand the MCM Custom Audio line of A/V baluns, with new models slated to arrive in June of 2008. The MCM line includes models that will cover video applications, digital, analog (RCA), and balanced (XLR) audio, as well as soon–to–be–released VGA baluns.
Regardless of the application, MCM Electronics stocks the baluns needed to deliver your audio video signals via the most efficient means possible. Whether you need to send high quality audio or video to the other end of the room, or the building, MCM has the products you need.